[Effect of Ritalin on blood albumin and liver enzymes in rat]

Background: Ritalin [methylphenidate Methylphenidate] is an amphetamine used to treat ADHD, symptoms of Narcolepsy, and some people with depression. This study was to investigate the effect of Ritalin food on blood albumin and some liver enzymes

Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomized in groups [1 control group, and three experimental groups]. In the control group physiologic serum and in the experimental groups a dose of mercuric chloride infused into the peritoneal cavity for 30 days. The amount of Ritalin was 2.5 ml in 1[st] group, 5 ml in group 2, 10 ml group 3, every other day for 30 days. After the due date of the invoice for blood samples, were tested

Results: There was a significant difference in albumin levels in experimental groups compared to the control group and there was a significant decrease in the amount of liver transaminases; the experimental group compared to the control group

Conclusion: This study shows that Ritalin causes liver enzymes disrupt the balance and serum albumin levels were increased

[Survey on intra-peritoneal injection of mercuric chloride on blood albumin and liver enzymes]

The rapid development of the mining and industry activities increased and many toxic metals in the environment of the earth's crust has been dissipated and has taken risks to human exposure, inhalation. Today evidence of many diseases associated with environmental factors harmful to repellent Bio systems is increasing gradually, The majority of these factors were man-made and the activities associated with heavy metals was a major threat for human health. Mercury has the most toxic non-radioactive element that was already known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mercuric chloride intra peritoneally on blood albumin and some liver enzymes. In this study, 30 male Wistar rats randomized selected into 6 groups [1 control group, and experimental groups of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. In control group adequate serum physiology, and in experimental groups a dose of mercuric chloride infused into peritoneal cavity for 7 days. The amount of mercuric chloride infused were 1 mg/kg in 1[st] group, 2 mg/kg in group 2, 5 mg/kg in group 3, 7 mg/kg in group 4, and 10 mg/kg in the fifth group every other day for 7 days. After the 7 days blood samples, were tested and analyzed. In this study, there was a significant relation between decrease in albumin levels in experimental groups compared to the control group and a there was significant relation increase in the amount of transaminases; SGOT and SGPT in the experimental group. This study showed that intra peritoneal injection of mercuric chloride causes the balance were increased, of liver enzymes and serum albumin levels

Prevalence and risk factors of varicose veins among female hairdressers: a cross sectional study in north-east of Iran

Venous diseases including varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency are one of the most important pathogenic factors worldwide. High prevalence of varicose veins and its complications is an emerging problem in the twenty-first century. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of varicose veins in female hairdressers in Shahroud, north of Iran in 2012. In this cross-sectional study, 197 employed hairdressers, licensed by the Health Department of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Iran, were studied. Standard physical examination was used to check the condition of varicose veins of the lower extremities of participants. Data were collected by demographic information form. Proportional odds model for ordinal logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between risk factors and status of varicose disease in subjects. Prevalence of varicose veins was 47.7%. Varicose veins were significantly associated with age [OR=1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.13]; family history of varicose disease [OR=1.99; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.82], blood pressure [OR=4.41; 95% CI: 1.63, 11.90]; and duration of standing [OR=2.34; 95% CI: 1.05, 5.22]. Varicose veins in the legs of female hairdressers had a high prevalence, and it was associated with increasing age, family history of varicose disease, high blood Pressure, and prolonged standing

[Effects of Kangaroo mother care on duration of exclusive breastfeeding and feeding pattern in neonates of mothers who delivered by cesarean section]

Early separation of mother and newborn has adverse effects on various aspect of infants growth, development and breastfeeding. Regarding the long- term separation of mothers from infants in cesarean section [C/S], some strategies, such as Kangaroo mother care [KMC] is very important. So, this study was conducted to determine the effects of KMC on infant feeding pattern in hospital and exclusive breastfeeding up to six- month. In a randomized controlled trial, 160 mother-infant dyads were recruited in KMC and routine care [RC] [80 mother-infant dyads in each group]. In KMC group, 2 hours after C/S, skin to skin contact was provided with special cover. KMC was done three 60 min/day for 2 consecutive days. With taking of special cover to the KMC group and continuing this care at home, exclusive breastfeeding up to 6- month was compared between two groups. Both groups were similar regarding all background and demographic variables. In KMC group, number of feeding in hospital [p<0.05] and exclusive breastfeeding up to 6- month [p<0.05] were greater than RC, but there was no statistically difference in the time between birth and the first feeding between two groups. In KMC group, number of severe crying in hospital was lower than RC group [5.6 vs. 12.3, p<0.001]. Regarding the positive effects of KMC on breastfeeding, especially on exclusive breastfeeding up to 6- month, skin to skin contact and KMC are recommended in delivery and C/S units, and then it's continuing at home

[Effects of kangaroo contact on some physiological parameters in term neonates and pain score in mothers with cesarean section]

Effects of Kangaroo mother care [KMC] has been shown for pre-term infants, however KMC has not been studied adequately in term newborns. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Kangaroo contact [KC] on some physiological parameters in term neonates and pain score in mothers with cesarean section [C/S] in Fatemiye hospital of Shahrood [Iran]. In a randomized clinical trial, 160 mother -infant dyads divided in two KC and routine care [RC] groups. KC was done three 60 min/day for two consecutive days. After cesarean section, pain intensity was determined with verbal numeric analog sacle [0-10 score]. Temperature was observed in four sets for each neonate. Infant's reflexes scores, neonatal jaundice and urine cortisol of neonates were compared between two groups. Mother's satisfaction was recorded before discharge of hospital by checklist. Both groups were similar regarding to all baseline variables. A significant increasing in temperature was observed in half an hour [36.8 vs 36.6 [degree sign][c], P<0.05] and just before discontinuing KC [an hour after initiating KC] [36.9 vs 36.6 [degree sign][c], P<0.001]. Pain score in mother after C/S [6 vs 7.8, P<0.001], number of sever crying [5.6 vs 12.3, P<0.05] in hospital and urine cortisol before discharging were lower than RC group [388.4 vs 471.3 micro/ 24 hours, P<0.05,] There was no significant differences in jaundice and mean of reflexes score in neonates. Overall, perception of mothers was positive toward KC. This study provides evidences showing that using KC had beneficial effects for both mother and infant. In addition, in order to prevention of the complications due to separation of neonates from their mothers in C/S, skin to skin contact as a routine care is recommended in cesarean section unites in Iran